Fixed mobile convergence

Mobile operators are turning to multiple fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) approaches to increase revenue opportunities and customer loyalty. One approach to FMC involves the 3GPP Interworking-Wireless LAN (I-WLAN) architecture to improve radio coverage and reduce backhaul costs. This architecture uses IPsec tunnels to deliver SIP-based services and packet data services over untrusted WiFi access networks with backhaul over the Internet or a managed network. Optionally, these services can be delivered via a femtocell to existing GSM/GERAN endpoints with the femtocell providing GSM-SIP signaling interworking.